A medium size, middle aged star
Has the 99.8% of the solar system mass, 70% hydrogen and 28% helium
Diameter: 1.39 e6 km
Mass: 1.99 e30 kg
Density: 1.41 g/cm³
Age: 4.8 e9 years
Escape speed: 618 km/s
Typical surface temperature: 3800 K - 5800 K
Core temperature: 15.6 e6 K
Apparent magnitude: -26.8
Magnetic field: Strong
Equator rotation: 25 hours
Pole rotation: 36 hours
Planets: 8, 9 historically, 10 for others
1. Mercury, 2.Venus, 3. Earth, 4. Mars, 5. Jupiter, 6. Saturn, 7. Uranus, 8. Neptune, (9. Pluto), (10. 2003 UB313)
Looks like our Moon, has an high eccentric orbit and rotates slowly.
Polar radius: 2440 km
Equatorial radius: 2440 km
Mass: 3.3e23 kg
Density: 5.4 g/cm³
Gravity: 3.7 m/s²
Escape speed: 4.3 km/s
Typical surface temperature: 100 K - 700 K
Surface pressure: 0 bar
Magnetic field: faint
Axial tilt: 0 deg
Rotation: 1408 hours
Day: 4223 hours
Sun distance: 0.31 / 0.47 AU
Min Sun distance: 46e6 km
Max Sun distance: 70e6 km
Eccentricity: 0.21
Inclination: 7 deg
Revolution: 88 days
Albedo: 0.1
Apparent magnitude: -1.9
Rings: No
Satellites: 0
Has a similar size of Earth but with a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere with a pressure 92 times the Earth one. The rotation is very slow and retrograde.
Polar radius: 6052 km
Equatorial radius: 6052 km
Mass: 4.9 e24 kg
Density: 5.2 g/cm³
Gravity: 8.9 m/s²
Escape speed: 10.4 km/s
Typical surface temperature: 735 K (constant)
Surface pressure: 92 bar
Magnetic field: No
Axial tilt: 177 deg
Rotation: -5833 hours
Day: 2802 hours
Sun distance: 0.71 / 0.73 AU
Min Sun distance: 107 e6 km
Max Sun distance: 109 e6 km
Eccentricity: 0.0067
Inclination: 3.4 deg
Revolution: 225 days
Albedo: 0.7
Apparent magnitude: -4.6
Rings: No
Satellites: 0
The planet with the greatest density.
The big moon is slowing down the rotation time by 17 microsec/year
Polar radius: 6357 km
Equatorial radius: 6378 km
Mass: 6 e24 kg
Density: 5.5 g/cm³
Gravity: 9.8 m/s²
Escape speed: 11.2 km/s
Typical surface temperature: 185 K - 331 K
Surface pressure: 1 bar
Magnetic field: Yes
Axial tilt: 23.45 deg
Rotation: 23.93 hours
Day: 24 hours
Sun distance: 0.98 / 1.01 AU
Min Sun distance: 147 e6 km
Max Sun distance: 152 e6 km
Eccentricity: 0.0167
Inclination: 0 deg
Revolution: 365.24 days
Albedo: 0.37
Rings: No
Satellites: 1
1. Moon
It's synchronous with the Earth showing always the same side.
Every year the distance from Earth increases by 4 cm
Polar radius: 1736 km
Equatorial radius: 1738 km
Mass: 7.3e22 kg
Density: 3.4 g/cm³
Gravity: 1.6 m/s²
Escape speed: 2.38 km/s
Typical surface temperature: 40 K - 396 K
Surface pressure: 0 bar
Magnetic field: No
Axial tilt: 6.7 deg
Min Earth distance: 363300 km
Max Earth distance: 405500 km
Eccentricity: 0.055
Inclination: 18 -29 deg
Revolution: 27.3 days
Albedo: 0.12
Apparent magnitude: -12.7
Rings: No
Satellites: 0
It has Olympus the taller mountain in the solar system, three times the Everest
Polar radius: 3375 km
Equatorial radius: 3397 km
Mass: 6.42 e23 kg
Density: 3.9 g/cm³
Gravity: 3.7 m/s²
Escape speed: 5.03 km/s
Typical surface temperature: 186 K - 268 K
Surface pressure: 6 mbar
Magnetic field: No
Axial tilt: 25.2 deg
Rotation: 24.6 hours
Day: 24.7 hours
Sun distance: 1.38 / 1.65 AU
Min Sun distance: 207 e6 km
Max Sun distance: 249 e6 km
Eccentricity: 0.0935
Inclination: 1.9 deg
Revolution: 687 days
Albedo: 0.15
Apparent magnitude: -2.9
Rings: No
Satellites: 2
1. Phobos, 2. Deimos
A multitude of asteroids in a doughnut shaped zone at about 2 - 3.5 AU from Sun
The bigger three:
| Ceres | Pallas | Vesta |
| Max diameter: 960 km Mass: 8.7 e17 kg Rotation: 9.1 hours Min Sun distance: 2.54 AU Max Sun distance: 2.99 AU Eccentricity: 0.0789 Inclination: 10.6 deg Revolution: 4.60 years |
Max diameter: 570 km Mass: 3.2 e17 kg Rotation: 7.8 hours Min Sun distance: 2.14 AU Max Sun distance: 3.41 AU Eccentricity: 0.2299 Inclination: 34.84 deg Revolution: 4.61 years |
Max diameter: 530 km Mass: 3 e17 kg Rotation: 5.3 hours Min Sun distance: 2.15 AU Max Sun distance: 2.57 AU Eccentricity: 0.0895 Inclination: 7.14 deg Revolution: 3.63 years |
A gas giant, ~ 75% hydrogen and ~ 25% helium
The Great red spot on it is a tempest larger then the Earth and hundreds of years old.
It has the fastest rotation speed, a day is less that 10 hours.
The moon Io has the most active volcanoes.
The moon Europa could have an ocean under the ice
The moon Ganymede is the largest of the Solar System
Polar radius: 66854 km
Equatorial radius: 71492 km
Mass: 1.9 e27 kg
Density: 1.33 g/cm³
Gravity: 24.8 m/s²
Escape speed: 59.5 km/s
Typical temperature: 125 K
Magnetic field: Strong
Axial tilt: 3.1 deg
Rotation: 9.93 hours
Sun distance: 4.94 / 5.45 AU
Min Sun distance: 741 e6 km
Max Sun distance: 817 e6 km
Eccentricity: 0.0489
Inclination: 1.3 deg
Revolution: 11.86 years
Albedo: 0.52
Apparent magnitude: -2.9
Rings: Yes
Satellites: 63
1. Metis, 2. Adrastea, 3. Amalthea, 4. Thebe, 5. Io, 6. Europa, 7. Ganymede, 8. Callisto, 9. Themisto, 10. Leda, 11. Himalia, 12. Lysithea, 13. Elara, 14. S/2000 J11, 15. Iocaste, 16. Praxidike, 17. Harpalyke, 18. Ananke, 19. Isonoe, 20. Erinome, 21. Taygete, 22. Chaldene, 23. Carme, 24. Pasiphae, 25. S/2002 J1, 26. Kalyke, 27. Magaclite, 28. Sinope, 29. Callirrhoe, 30. Euporie, 31. Kale, 32. Orthosie, 33. Thyone, 34. Euanthe, 35. Hermippe, 36. Pasithee, 37. Eurydome, 38., Aitne, 39. Sponde, 40. Autonoe , 41. S/2003 J1, 42. S/2003 J2, 43. S/2003 J3, 44. S/2003 J4, 45. S/2003 J5, 46. S/2003 J6, 47. S/2003 J7, 48. S/2003, J8, 49. S/2003 J9, 50. S/2003 J10, 51. S/2003 J11, 52. S/2003 J12, 53. S/2003 J13, 54. S/2003 J14, 55. S/2003 J15, 56. S/2003 J16, 57. S/2003 J17, 58., S/2003 J18, 59. S/2003 J19, 60. S/2003 J20, 61. S/2003 J21, 62. S/2003 J22, 63. S/2003 J23
A gas giant, ~ 75% hydrogen and ~ 25% helium
It's the least dense planet, less that water.
The moon Titan has a dense nitrogen atmosphere
Polar radius: 54364 km
Equatorial radius: 60268 km
Mass: 5.68 e26 kg
Density: 0.69 g/cm³
Gravity: 10.4 m/s²
Escape speed: 35.5 km/s
Typical temperature: 95 K
Magnetic field: Yes
Axial tilt: 26.7 deg
Rotation: 10.66 hours
Sun distance: 9 / 10.1 AU
Min Sun distance: 1.35 e9 km
Max Sun distance: 1.51 e9 km
Eccentricity: 0.0565
Inclination: 2.49 deg
Revolution: 29.5 years
Albedo: 0.47
Apparent magnitude: 0.5
Rings: Yes
Satellites: 47
1. Albiorix, 2. Atlas, 3. Calypso, 4. Dione, 5. Enceladus, 6. Epimetheus, 7. Erriapo, 8. Helene, 9. Hyperion, 10. Iapetus, 11. Ijiraq, 12. Janus, 13. Kiviuq, 14., Mimas, 15. Methone, 16. Mundilfari, 17. Paaliaq, 18. Narvi, 19. Pan, 20. Pallene, 21. Pandora, 22. Phoebe, 23. Polydeuces, 24. Prometheus, 25. Rhea, 26., Siarnaq, 27. Skadi, 28. Suttung, 29. Tarvos, 30. Telesto, 31. Tethys, 32. Thrym, 33. Titan, 34. Ymir, 35. S/2004 S7, 36. S/2004 S8, 37. S/2004 S9, 38. S/2004, S10, 39. S/2004 S11, 40. S/2004 S12, 41. S/2004 S13, 42. S/2004 S14, 43. S/2004 S15, 44. S/2004 S16, 45. S/2004 S17, 46. S/2004 S18, 47. ?
The rotation axis is horizontal
It's mainly made of rock and ice with a ~ 15% hydrogen in mass.
The huge atmosphere is 83% hydrogen and 15% helium.
Polar radius: 24973 km
Equatorial radius: 25559 km
Mass: 8.7 e25 kg
Density: 1.27 g/cm³
Gravity: 8.87 m/s²
Escape speed: 21.3 km/s
Typical temperature: 57 K
Magnetic field: Yes
Axial tilt: 97.8 deg
Rotation: -17.24 hours
Sun distance: 18.3 / 20 AU
Min Sun distance: 2.74 e9 km
Max Sun distance: 3 e9 km
Eccentricity: 0.04717
Inclination: 0.77 deg
Revolution: 84 years
Albedo: 0.51
Apparent magnitude: 5.3
Rings: Yes
Satellites: 27
1. Cordelia, 2. Ophelia, 3. Bianca, 4. Cressida, 5. Desdemona, 6. Juliet, 7. Portia, 8. Rosalind, 9. S/2003 U2, 10. Belinda, 11. 1986 U10, 12. Puck, 13. S/2003, U1, 14. Miranda, 15. S/2001 U3, 16. Ariel, 17. Umbriel, 18. Titania, 19. Oberon, 20. Caliban, 21. Stephano, 22. Trinculo, 23. Sycorax, 24. S/2003 U3, 25., Prospero, 26. Setebos, 27. S/2001 U2
It's mainly made of rock and ice with a ~ 15% hydrogen in mass.
It has the fastest winds in the solar system
Polar radius: 24341 km
Equatorial radius: 24764 km
Mass: 1.02 e26 kg
Density: 1.64 g/cm³
Gravity: 11.2 m/s²
Escape speed: 23.5 km/s
Typical temperature: 59 K
Magnetic field: Yes
Axial tilt: 28.3 deg
Rotation: 16.1 hours
Sun distance: 29.6 / 30.3 AU
Min Sun distance: 4.44 e9 km
Max Sun distance: 4.55 e9 km
Eccentricity: 0.0113
Inclination: 1.77 deg
Revolution: 163.7 years
Albedo: 0.41
Apparent magnitude: 7.8
Rings: faint
Satellites: 13
1. Naiad, 2. Thalassa, 3. Despina, 4. Nereid, 5. Galatea, 6. Larissa, 7. Proteus, 8. Triton, 9. S/2002 N1, 10. S/2002 N2, 11. S/2002 N3, 12. S/2002 N4, 13. S/2003 N1
A large amount of planetoids, asteroids and short-period comets in a doughnut shaped zone at about 30-50 AU from Sun
Some inhabitant:
Pluto (historically considered a planet):
Diameter: 2390 km
Mass: 1.25 e22 kg
Density: 1.75 g/cm³
Gravity: 0.58 m/s²
Escape speed: 1.2 km/s
Typical surface temperature: 40 - 50 K
Axial tilt: 123 deg
Rotation: 153 hours
Sun distance: 29.6 / 49.2 AU
Min Sun distance: 4.44 e9 km
Max Sun distance: 7.38 e9 km
Eccentricity: 0.249
Inclination: 17.2 deg
Revolution: 247.7 years
Albedo: 0.6
Apparent magnitude: 14
Satellites: 3
Rings: No
Its moon Charon:
Diameter: 1250 km
Ixion:
Diameter: ~ 1050 km
Sun distance: 43 AU
Inclination: 20 deg
Quaoar:
Diameter: ~ 1250 km
Sun distance: 42 AU
Revolution: 285 years
Eccentricity: 0.04
Inclination: 8 deg
Varuna:
Diameter: ~ 900 km
Sun distance: 41-45 AU
Albedo: 0.07
Inclination: 20 deg
2002 AW197:
Diameter: ~ 900 km
Sun distance: 48 AU
Albedo: 0.1
Inclination: 20 deg
2003 EL61:
Diameter: ~ 1700 km
Sun distance: 35-52 AU
Revolution: 285 years
Albedo: 0.65
Inclination: 28 deg
Satellites: 2
2003 UB313: (the bigger ?)
Diameter: ~ 2400 km
Sun distance: 38-97 AU
Revolution: 560 years
Inclination: 44 deg
Satellites: 1
2004 DW Orcus:
Diameter: ~ 1600 km
Sun distance: 30-45 AU
Revolution: 248 years
Eccentricity: 0.22
Inclination: 21 deg
2005 FY9:
Diameter: ~ 1700 km
Sun distance: 39-52 AU
Revolution: 307 years
Inclination: 29 deg
A spherical shaped zone from 5000 AU to 100000 AU, or so, faraway from Sun
Long-period comets, asteroids and planetoids come from here
A scattered doughnut shaped zone extends from 50 AU to 5000 AU
Sedna: (in the scattered zone)
Diameter: ~ 1500 km
Sun distance: 75-900 AU
Revolution: 10500 years
Albedo: a misure for absolute luminosity; from zero black to one white
Apparent magnitude: how luminous seems from Earth, more negative more luminous
AU: Astronomical Unit = 150 e6 km; 1 AU = mean Earth-Sun distance
Axial tilt: the inclination of the axis respect to the orbit
deg: degree, 360th of a circumference
e6: 1 000 000
e9: 1 000 000 000
Eccentricity: zero for circle, higher values for ellipse
Escape speed: velocity necessary to abandon the body from surface
Inclination: the inclination of the orbit
K: Kelvin, 273 K = 0 °C
g/cm³: grams per centimeter cube = kilograms per litre
Revolution: the time for a whole orbit
Rotation: time to rotate around its axis
